Veal calves

External biosecurityWeight (%)
Purchase 48
Transport and carcass removal16
Feed and water10
Visitors and farmworkers15
Vermin control and other animals11
Internal biosecurityWeight (%)
Health management40
Calf management34
Working organisation and equipment26

Beef cattle

External biosecurityWeight (%)
Purchase and reproduction41
Transport and carcass removal18
Feed and water9
Visitors and farmworkers19
Vermin control and other animals13
Internal biosecurityWeight (%)
Health management33
Calving management22
Calf management25
Adult cattle management10
Working organisation and equipment10

Dairy cattle

External biosecurityWeight (%)
Purchase and reproduction39
Transport and carcass removal17
Feed and water10
Visitors and farmworkers20
Vermin control and other animals14
Internal biosecurityWeight (%)
Health management29
Calving management20
Calf management21
Dairy management 13
Adult cattle management7
Working organisation and equipment10

Dairy-source beef cattle production

External biosecurityWeight (%)
Purchase of animals37
Transport of animals and removal of deadstock20
Feed and water11
Visitors and farmworkers17
Vermin control and other animals15
Internal biosecurityWeight (%)
Disease management35
Suckling calf management25
Weaned calf management14
Adult cattle management10
Working organisation and equipment16